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Push-Pull Model

Some are in emergencies where only direct support – in cash or in kind – can meet immediate needs. Some are stable for the moment but lack the economic opportunities that will help them move sustainably out of poverty.

Increasingly, communities and families slide in and out of crisis in response to market, climate, and economic shocks.

CARE recognizes that to address needs for these families, we need to provide both strategies that support increased economic productivity for the individuals (“push” strategies) and activities that work to increase the market opportunities and ability to work with the ultra-poor (“pull” strategies).

The push-pull model links interventions directly targeting the very poor/chronically food insecure (agency-building interventions, in the language of our Women’s Empowerment Framework) with interventions to change the broader set of factors that influence their well-being (market actors, government, traditional power holders, policies, etc.).

Highlighted resources

CARE’s Pull Interventions Addressing Market Systems Failures

CARE’s integrative and gender transformative approach to increased market systems engagement puts small-scale women producers and firms at the center. Push interventions support and develop approaches that strengthen small-scale producers’ capacity to engage effectively with markets, while pull strategies facilitate the development of market systems in a manner that expands the diversity and quality of opportunities accessible to the ultra poor to engage more successfully in the local economy. This brief demonstrates multiple examples of CARE's pull intervention approach.

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The GRAD Push‐Pull Model for Food Security

The Push‐Pull Model involves implementing interventions that empower individuals and groups to build capacity, as well as engage other ecosystem actors outside of a program’s target population. This document provides insights on ways CARE Ethiopia has been utilizing the push‐pull model for food security programming.

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A Framework for a Push/Pull Approach to Inclusive Market Systems Development

USAID’s framework for push/pull approach to inclusive market systems development.

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